Déterminants sociodémographiques, économiques, institutionnels et logistiques du faible abonnement des ménages aux organisations locales de collecte des déchets dans la ville de Bukavu, République démocratique du Congo, en 2025

Cette étude transversale analytique analyse les déterminants sociodémographiques, économiques, institutionnels et logistiques associés au statut d’abonnement des ménages aux organisations locales de collecte des déchets dans la ville de Bukavu. L’enquête a porté sur 400 ménages des zones de santé de Kadutu, Ibanda et Bagira entre mars et juin 2025. Sur 400 ménages, 139 (34,8 %) étaient abonnés et 261 (65,3 %) ne l’étaient pas. En analyse ajustée, la résidence dans la zone de santé d’Ibanda comparativement à Kadutu et l’accès régulier à l’information sur les programmes de collecte étaient indépendamment associés à l’abonnement. Les obstacles les plus rapportés étaient la méconnaissance d’une organisation de collecte, l’efficacité jugée insuffisante et le coût jugé trop élevé. Les stratégies locales devraient prioriser l’information opérationnelle sur les services, leur suivi et l’analyse des écarts entre zones de santé.

Household solid waste management remains a public health and urban governance challenge in rapidly growing African cities. In Bukavu, the presence of local collection organizations does not ensure household subscription to collection services. To analyze sociodemographic, economic, institutional and logistical determinants associated with household subscription to local waste collection organizations in Bukavu. A cross-sectional analytical study included 400 households from the Kadutu, Ibanda and Bagira health zones between March and June 2025. Subscription to a collection service was the primary outcome (Yes = 1; No = 0). Crude associations were assessed using chi-square tests and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. A prespecified multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to all 400 households. Collinearity, model fit, influence, discrimination and calibration were assessed. Among 400 households, 139 (34.8%; 95% CI: 30.2–39.5%) were subscribed and 261 (65.3%) were not. In the adjusted model, residence in Ibanda versus Kadutu health zone (aOR = 10.08; 95% CI: 5.04–20.17; p < 0.001) and regular access to information on collection programs (aOR = 7.52; 95% CI: 3.59–15.76; p < 0.001) were independently associated with subscription. Among the 280 households classified as non-adherents at question 14, the most frequently reported barriers were lack of knowledge of a collection organization (55.7%), perceived insufficient service effectiveness (28.2%) and high cost (27.1%). Nearly two-thirds of households were not subscribed. The findings show marked spatial heterogeneity and an independent association between regular access to information and household subscription. Local strategies should prioritize operational information on services, service monitoring and investigation of differences between health zones.