Problématique de la gestion des déchets ménagers, d’entreprises et spécifiques dans la ville de Bukavu

Cette recherche analyse la problématique de la gestion des déchets ménagers, d’entreprises et spécifiques dans la ville de Bukavu. Elle met en évidence une production quotidienne estimée à 898 tonnes de détritus, dont une faible proportion seulement est évacuée, et propose des solutions d’assainissement durable fondées sur le traitement, la mise en décharge contrôlée, le recyclage et l’éco-citoyenneté.

Situated on the shores of Lake Kivu, the city of Bukavu is facing uncontrolled urbanisation, which is causing severe pollution of its ecosystem. To address this challenge, this research, carried out between 2024 and 2026, provides an in-depth analysis of the issue of household, commercial and specialised waste management with a view to proposing sustainable sanitation solutions. The qualitative study, combining interviews, observations and documentary analysis, provides a detailed characterisation of domestic food waste, industrial packaging, and hazardous biomedical and electronic waste. The figures reveal a massive daily production of 898 tonnes of waste, of which barely 15 per cent is actually collected by specialist services. This glaring shortfall in waste collection leads to blocked drainage channels, a resurgence of vector-borne diseases and children dangerously scavenging for rubbish in unauthorised dumps. The main causes of this crisis lie primarily in the logistical shortcomings of the waste collection systems, despite the involvement of local stakeholders and state authorities. To remedy the situation, it is essential to urgently build public infrastructure dedicated to the processing, controlled disposal and mechanical recycling of plastic. Finally, the government and its private partners must establish a system for source separation, fund equipment suited to the city’s rugged terrain and actively promote eco-citizenship amongst the population.