Adoption d’une technologie d’identification et de localisation des prisonniers en contexte post-conflit à l’issue d’une analyse comparative des technologies : le cas de la ville de Bukavu

Cette étude analyse l’adoption d’une technologie d’identification et de localisation des prisonniers dans un contexte post-conflit à Bukavu. Elle compare la biométrie, la RFID, le GPS et des capteurs complémentaires, puis propose une architecture hybride évolutive adaptée aux contraintes énergétiques, sécuritaires, techniques et organisationnelles du milieu carcéral local.

In post-conflict contexts, prison management is a major public security and rule-of-law issue. This study aims to adopt a prisoner identification and location technology in Bukavu (DRC) following a comparative analysis. The methodology confronts survey results from 105 respondents (engineers, prison staff, civil society, citizens) with secondary research and documented technical characteristics. Results show a clear functional distinction: biometrics is preferred for registration (58%, with fingerprints rated most reliable at 68%), while RFID is favored for intra-muros location (48%) and GPS for external tracking (42%). The study proposes an evolutionary hybrid architecture: Phase 1 with biometrics and passive RFID, Phase 2 adding GPS for external movements/escapes, and Phase 3 integrating intelligent cameras and acoustic sensors. The system ensures energy resilience (solar, 72h battery), offline operation with deferred synchronization, and satellite backup for critical alerts. Governance complies with Congolese law n° 15/026, with biometric template destruction 6 months after release and a participatory monitoring committee. A preliminary budget is provided (CAPEX $23,200, annual OPEX $3,200) for a 100-prisoner pilot.